Entrepreneurship

This page contains resources about Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship and new ventures (startups) regarding innovative products and emerging technologies.

General

 * Lean Methodology
 * Learn startup (vs. Corporation)
 * Agile Methodology
 * Scrum
 * Kanban
 * Social Entrepreneurship
 * (Startup) Incubator and Accelerator
 * User vs. Customer vs. Consumer
 * Network effect
 * Vanity Metrics

Overall strategy

 * Levels of Management:
 * Strategic Management
 * Corporate strategy (i.e. What?) - Senior Management
 * Business strategy (i.e. How?) - Middle Management
 * Operations management
 * Company Strategy
 * Mission and Vision Statements
 * Values
 * Niche
 * Microniche
 * Competitive advantage
 * Lower cost
 * Product differentiation
 * Minimum Viable Product (MVP)
 * Minimum Viable Feature (MVF)
 * Minimum Viable Assets (MVAs)
 * SWOT Analysis (i.e. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
 * Types of Market Competitive Positioning
 * Market Leader
 * Market Challenger
 * Market Follower
 * Market Nicher

Business Models

 * Distribution Channel & Distribution Strategy
 * Customer Acquisition Models & Customer Acquisition Strategies
 * User Acquisition Models
 * Free (i.e. "you are the product")
 * Free trial
 * Freemium (i.e. Free and Premium)
 * Monetization Strategy
 * Revenue Streams
 * Types of Revenue:
 * Recurring
 * Transactional
 * Project
 * Service
 * Revenue Models
 * Advertising
 * Affiliate
 * Arbitrage
 * Commission
 * Data Sales (i.e. "you are the product")
 * Donation
 * Fee-for-service
 * Interest-based
 * Licensing
 * Markup
 * Pay-Per-User (PPU)
 * Rent/Lease
 * Subscription
 * Web/Direct Sales
 * Pricing Models & Pricing Strategies (if software product is charged)
 * (Perpetual) Licence - one-time fee
 * (On-premise) Subscription-based - recurring billing
 * Software as a Service (SaaS) - recurring billing
 * Pricing Plans & Billing
 * One-time fee / One-off fee
 * Recurring billing / Subscription billing
 * Fixed recurring billing / Regular recurring billing
 * Variable recurring billing / Irregular recurring billing (for usage-based services)
 * Volume pricing
 * Tiered pricing
 * Single-tier pricing
 * Payment Models
 * One-time payment
 * Recurring payment
 * Business Models
 * Business-to-Business (B2B)
 * Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
 * Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) / Peer-to-peer (P2P)
 * Advertising (i.e. free users, e.g. certain social media)
 * B2B Subscription (i.e. B2B with paid users, e.g. B2B SaaS)
 * B2C Subscription (i.e. B2C with paid users, e.g. B2C SaaS)
 * Electronic Commerce / E-commerce (i.e. buyers only)
 * (Online) Marketplace (i.e. buyers and sellers)
 * Transactional (i.e. fee per transaction, e.g. fintech)
 * Usage-Based (i.e. pay per use, e.g. cloud service providers)
 * Hardware
 * Biotech
 * Business Model Canvas
 * Lean Canvas
 * Blitzscaling Business Model Innovation Canvas
 * Exit Strategies
 * Merger & Acquisition (M&A)
 * Initial Public Offering (IPO)
 * Management buyout
 * Family succession
 * Liquidation and close

Business Plan & Risks

 * Elevator Pitch
 * (Investor) Pitch Deck
 * Executive Summary
 * Marketing Strategy
 * Sales Strategy
 * Business Plan
 * Operational Plan
 * Financial Plan
 * Types of risk in a startup or a new venture:
 * Product risk
 * Market risk (Market timing, Market adoption, Market size, Product-Market fit)
 * Team and Execution risk (from founders' perspective)
 * People risk
 * Financial risk
 * Capitalization structure risk
 * Competitive risk
 * Business model risk
 * Technology risk (especially in CleanTech and Hardware)
 * Platform risk
 * Venture management risk
 * Legal and regulatory risk
 * Operational risk (e.g. operational scalability)
 * Systemic risks

Business Metrics

 * Financial Metrics
 * Revenue (from Sales, Rent, Capital Gains and ALL other sources)
 * Total Gross Revenue (i.e. from ALL revenue sources, before discounts, allowances, returns, etc)
 * Total Net Revenue (i.e. from ALL revenue sources, after discounts, allowances, returns, etc)
 * Cost of Goods Sold (CoGS) / Cost of Revenue
 * Gross Income (or Gross Income) = Revenue - CoGS
 * Gross Margin (or Gross Profit Margin) = Gross Income / Revenue
 * Operating Expenses / OpEx (not to be confused with Operating Costs)
 * Operating Costs = CoGS + Operating Expenses
 * Operating Income (or Operating Profit) = Revenue - Operating Costs
 * Operating Margin (or Operating Income Margin) = Operating Income / Revenue
 * Depreciation and Amortization (included in OpEx)
 * Net Interest Income (NII) = Interest Income - Interest Expense
 * Non-Operating Income or Expense = Other Income or Expense + NII
 * EBT (or Pretax Income) = Operating Income + Non-Operating Income
 * Nontaxable Income
 * Taxable Income = EBT - Nontaxable Income
 * Taxes (or Income Taxes) = Taxable Income * Tax Rate
 * Net Income (or Net Profit or Earnings) = EBT - Taxes
 * Net Margin (or Net Income Margin) = Net Income / Revenue
 * Total Expenses = Revenue - Net Income
 * Earnings Before Interest, and Taxes (EBIT) = EBT + Interest Expense
 * Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) = EBIT + Depreciation and Amortization
 * EBITDA Margin = EBITDA / Revenue
 * Adjusted EBITDA
 * Adjusted EBITDA Margin
 * Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) = EBIT * (1 - Tax Rate)
 * Net Operating Profit Before Tax (NOPBT) = NOPAT + Taxes
 * Operating Cash Inflow = Revenue
 * Operating Cash Outflow = Operating Costs
 * Cash Flow from Operations (CFO)
 * Direct Method (non-GAAP) = Operating Cash Inflow – Operating Cash Outflow
 * Indirect Method (GAAP) = Net Income + Depreciation and Amortization + Taxes + Change in NWC
 * Cash Flow from Investing (CFI)
 * Cash Flow from Finance (CFF)
 * Net Cash Flow = CFO + CFI + CFF
 * Change in Net Working Capital (Change in NWC)
 * Capital Expenditure (CapEx)
 * Free Cash Flow (FCF) = Net Income + Depreciation and Amortization – Change in NWC – CapEx = CFO - CapEx
 * Monthly Burn Rate
 * Gross Burn Rate
 * Net Burn Rate
 * Cash Runway
 * Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
 * Fundamental Metrics (mostly for mature companies of the same type)
 * Market Capitalization / Market Cap
 * Total Enterprise Value (TEV) / Enterprise Value (EV)
 * Equity Value
 * Earnings Per Share (EPS)
 * Price-Earnings ratio (P/E or PER) = Share Price / EPS
 * Trailing PER (i.e. last four quarters in the past)
 * Forward PER / Leading PER (i.e. next four quarters in the future)
 * EV/EBITDA
 * Return on Equity (ROE)
 * Price-Sales ratio (P/S or PSR) = Market Capitalization / Revenue
 * Revenue per Employee
 * Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
 * Economic Value Added (EVA) = NOPAT - Invested Capital * WACC
 * Unit Economics and Engagement Metrics (which vary per Business Model)
 * Number of Visits
 * Number of Unique Visitors
 * Number of Customers
 * Number of Transactions
 * Number of Registered Users
 * Active Users
 * Daily Active Users (MAU)
 * Weekly Active Users (WAU)
 * Monthly Active Users (MAU)
 * DAU-to-MAU ratio
 * DAU-to-WAU ratio
 * WAU-to-MAU ratio
 * Monthly Run Rate / Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR)
 * Annual Run Rate / Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR)
 * MRR per Customer
 * ARR per Customer
 * MRR per User
 * ARR per User
 * Net New MRR = New MRR + Expansion MRR - Churned MRR
 * Net New ARR = New ARR + Expansion ARR - Churned ARR
 * Gross New MRR = Net New MRR + Churned MRR = New MRR + Expansion MRR
 * Revenue Growth Rate
 * MoM
 * QoQ
 * YoY
 * Compounded Monthly Growth Rate (CMGR)
 * Revenue CMGR
 * Customer Lifetime Value (CLV or CLTV) / Lifetime Customer Value (LCV) / Lifetime Value (LTV)
 * Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)
 * LTV-to-CAC ratio
 * CAC Payback Period (CPP)
 * Months to recover CAC
 * CAC ratio
 * Sales Efficiency
 * Gross Sales Efficiency
 * Net Sales Efficiency
 * Magic Number
 * Growth Efficiency Index (GEI)
 * Gross Margin per Lifespan (GML)
 * Average Customer Lifetime (ACL) / Average Customer Lifespan (ALT)
 * Conversion rate
 * Churn rate
 * Customer churn rate
 * Revenue churn rate
 * Retention rate
 * Activation rate
 * Average Order Value (AOV)
 * Gross Merchandise Value (GMV)
 * Average monthly recurring Revenue per Account (ARPA)
 * Cost per Visit (CPV)
 * Cost per Lead (CPL)
 * Annual Contract Value (ACV)
 * Average Contract Length (ACL)
 * Net Promoter Score (NPS)
 * Customer Renewal Rate (CRR)
 * Gross Dollar Renewal Rate (GDRR)
 * Net Revenue Retention (NRR) / Net Dollar Renewal Rate (NDRR)
 * Average Sales Cycle Length
 * First Response Time
 * Lead Velocity Rate
 * Viral Coefficient
 * Average Cost of Service (ACS)
 * Cost of Retention and Expansion (CORE)
 * Gross Margin contribution per customer Lifespan (GML)
 * Contribution Margin
 * Contribution Margin Ratio
 * Recurring Profits Margin (RPM)

Funding

 * Types of funding
 * 3F (Friends, Family and Fools)
 * Angel
 * Syndicates
 * Venture Capital (VC)
 * Rolling fund
 * Venture debt
 * Equity crowdfunding
 * Family offices
 * Types of investors (USA)
 * Accredited investor
 * Non-accredited investor
 * Types of investors (UK)
 * Restricted investor
 * Advised investor
 * Sophisticated investor
 * High Net Worth investor

Contracts and legal documents

 * (Pre-Incorporation) Founders Agreement
 * Stock Restriction Agreement / Restricted Stock Agreement
 * Articles of Association
 * Memorandum of Association / Memorandum
 * Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)
 * Stock Option Plan / Equity Incentive Plan
 * Term Sheet
 * Subscription Agreement / Share Purchase Agreements
 * Revenue Sharing Agreement / Profit Sharing Agreement

Video Lectures

 * All You Need to Know About Venture Capital by Ernestine Fu
 * The decision process of a venture capitalist by Henning Piezunka
 * Why VCs and Angel Investors Say "No" to entrepreneurs by Alicia Syrett
 * A Master Class In Venture Capital by Chris Olsen
 * Decision Analysis in Venture Capital by Clint Korver

Lecture Notes

 * Nuts and Bolts of Business Plans by Joseph Hadzima

Books

 * Mochary, M. (2019). The Great CEO Within: The Tactical Guide to Company Building. Mochary Films.
 * Shelton, H. (2014). The Secrets to Writing a Successful Business Plan: A Pro Shares a Step-By-Step Guide to Creating a Plan That Gets Results. Summit Valley Press.
 * Thiel, P. A., & Masters, B. (2014). Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future. Currency.
 * Aulet, B. (2013). Disciplined Entrepreneurship: 24 Steps to a Successful Startup. John Wiley & Sons.
 * Senor, D., & Singer, S. (2011). Start-up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle. Twelve.
 * Ries, E. (2011). The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. Currency.
 * Hazelgren, B., & Covello, J. (2006). The Complete Book of Business Plans: Simple Steps to Writing Powerful Business Plans. Sourcebooks.
 * Abrams, R. M. (2003). The Successful Business Plan: Secrets and Strategies. 4th Ed. The Planning Shop.

Software

 * Atlassian: Jira, Confluence, ...
 * Google Workspace (formerly G Suite)
 * QuickBooks
 * FreshBooks
 * Xero
 * Sage Intacct
 * Akaunting - free and open-source
 * Chargebee
 * Invoicera
 * TransferWise Business
 * Revolut Business
 * Zapier
 * integromat
 * automate.io
 * workato
 * IFTTT
 * WordPress
 * WooCommerce
 * PandaDoc
 * HelloSign
 * Discord
 * Slack

General

 * What is Agile?
 * Glossary: Agile & Development
 * FourWeekMBA
 * Why Some Startups Succeed (and Why Most Fail)
 * Why coding isn't enough (YouTube)
 * Startup Plan
 * 16 Ways to Measure Network Effects
 * Important Milestones for Your First Year as an Entrepreneur
 * WooCommerce Zapier
 * From Zero to IPO: How Growth Needs to Evolve at Every Startup Stage
 * The Best Business Bank Accounts to Open from Anywhere
 * The Best Banks for Funded Startups - for USA-based startups
 * Merchant Account vs. PSP vs. Payment Gateway: A Side by Side Comparison
 * 20 Best Payment Gateway Providers of 2021
 * Getting Started with Subscription Billing Software: A Definitive Guide

Overall strategy

 * Business Strategy: Examples, Case Studies, And Tools
 * The Complete, 12-Step Guide to Starting a Business
 * Follow these 10 steps to turn your idea into a startup
 * The Complete 35-Step Guide For Entrepreneurs Starting A Business
 * 6 Steps to Create an Effective Business Strategy
 * How to write a powerful mission statement that resonates
 * How to Write a Mission Statement
 * How to Write Your Mission Statement
 * How To Write A Vision Statement (& Why That Isn’t Enough)
 * 17 Truly Inspiring Company Vision and Mission Statement Examples
 * 15 Seriously Inspiring Mission and Vision Statement Examples
 * How to Write a Fluff-Free Mission Statement
 * 30 Example Vision Statements
 * A Guide to Writing the Perfect Vision Statement (with Examples)
 * How to build a Minimum Viable Platform
 * Competitors and their Marketing Strategies

Business Models

 * What Is a Business Model? 30 Successful Types of Business Models You Need to Know
 * Distribution Channels: Types, Functions, And Examples
 * B2B Vs. B2C Business Models In Nutshell
 * Differences Between B2C & B2B in Business Systems
 * B2B VS B2C: Which Business Model Is Better?
 * The SaaS Business Model: Stage, Pros and Cons, and Tools to Get Ahead
 * The SaaS Business Model Explained
 * What Is A Revenue Model? 10 Types Of Revenue Models
 * 12 popular types of revenue models used today
 * The 10 Most Popular Startup Revenue Models
 * 16 Startup Revenue Models
 * The Ultimate Guide to Pricing Strategies
 * SaaS, Subscription, and On-Premises Software – Don’t Confuse Subscription with SaaS
 * Can you monetize a social media startup?
 * Business Model 101: The Basics of Marketplaces, SaaS & Ecommerce
 * 10 marketplace monetisation strategies
 * 7 Monetisation Strategies Associated with Online Marketplace Model
 * 10 Marketplace Business Models To Generate Revenue
 * 6 Best Monetization Practices to Build a Successful Online Marketplace
 * A Guide To Marketplace Revenue Models
 * A practical guide for building an online marketplace business
 * Planning Your Exit Strategy for Your Small Business or Startup
 * Exit Strategies for Your Business
 * Five Smart Exit Strategies
 * What Is Blitzscaling And Why It Matters
 * Blitzscaling Business Model Innovation Canvas In A Nutshell
 * Startup Valuation School

Business Plan & Risks

 * How to Write a Business Plan for Your Startup
 * Business Plan Template for a Startup Business
 * Free Business Plan Template
 * How to Write a Business Plan for Your Startup
 * How to Write the Perfect Business Plan: A Comprehensive Guide
 * Essential guide to writing a business plan
 * How to Start a Business: A Startup Guide for Entrepreneurs
 * How To Start A Digital Business In Four Steps In 2020
 * How to (Realistically) Start an Online Business That (Actually) Grows in 2020
 * Creating a Winning Startup Business Plan
 * A Simple Guide To Writing A Business Plan
 * Highlighting Risks in Your Business Plan Will Help You Get Funding
 * Business Plan Risks
 * Risk Management Process as a Part of Your Business Plan
 * The 11 Risks VCs Evaluate
 * When Launching Your Startup, Consider These 5 Risks
 * 14 Startup Risks Entrepreneurs Should Consider When Launching their Startup
 * 4 Strategic Startup Risk Components For Investors
 * What are the types of startup risk and what are available resources and methods for understanding and addressing them?
 * Three Mathematical Models for Building a More Valuable Company (based on risk)
 * How To Create A Great Investor Pitch Deck For Startups Seeking Financing
 * 9 steps to a better startup executive summary
 * The 11 Slides You Need to Have in Your Pitch Deck
 * Startup Pitch Decks
 * A Template for Startup Executive Summary or Investment Memo for VCs
 * Executive Summary example
 * Executive Summary of the Business Plan
 * The Nuts and Bolts of New Ventures/Business Plans
 * Business Plan Template: A Step-by-Step Guide For Entrepreneurs
 * How to Write a Business Plan For Investors (That They Will Love)
 * Top 4 Business Plan Examples
 * Operational plan: Definition, Components, Example, and Template for Business
 * 10 Business Operations Initiatives

Business Metrics & Financial Plan

 * The ultimate guide to financial modeling for startups - EY Netherlands
 * Startup Guide 2018 - KPMG
 * Financial statements for startups - Deloitte US
 * Financial Projections Guide for a Startup Business Plan
 * Financial Modeling and Financial Forecasting
 * Business Metrics
 * Financial Plan
 * SaaS Financial Plan 2.0 (from Christoph Janz)
 * SaaS Metrics Guide to SaaS Financial Performance
 * Is Depreciation Expense an Operating Expense? (Explanation)
 * Examples of Operational Costs
 * Adjusted EBITDA
 * Adjusted EBITDA
 * How to Calculate Operating Cash Flow
 * How to calculate operating cash flow
 * 16 Startup Metrics
 * What are unit economics in SaaS? Definition and explanation
 * The 3 Metrics That Matter to Raise Your Series-A
 * The A-Z guide to startup metrics: 16 KPIs to help your business succeed
 * SaaS Metrics 2.0 – Detailed Definitions
 * Key Metrics (Y Combinator)
 * 34 Types of Startup Metrics to Measure (with Examples)
 * MRR: How to Calculate Monthly Recurring Revenue
 * Understanding MRR
 * Startup Valuation Metrics (for internet companies)
 * The Forgotten Sales Efficiency Metric
 * Is Your Company Growing Efficiently? Sales Efficiency Benchmarks for SaaS Startups
 * Balancing SaaS Growth and Profits to Maximize SaaS Company Valuation

Angel, VC and other funding

 * Decision Analysis in Venture Capital Workshop, DAAG 2019
 * 15 Key Questions Venture Capitalists Will Ask Before Investing In Your Startup
 * Need Funding for Your Startup? Here’s What VCs Want to See
 * What Venture Capitalists Look for in Start-ups
 * What Venture Capitalists Look For When Investing In A Startup
 * How venture capitalists make investment choices
 * What are VCs looking for in a startup idea?
 * 12 Things Venture Capitalists Look For in an Investment Opportunity
 * How VC’s Look at Startups and Founders
 * 101 Venture Capital Pro Tips
 * OpenVC
 * AngelListVenture - Rolling fund
 * Seedrs - crowdfunding
 * Crowdcube - crowdfunding
 * Wefunder - crowdfunding
 * SeedInvest - crowdfunding
 * MicroVentures - crowdfunding
 * SaaS Fundraising Handbook

Legal aspects

 * 15 Big Legal Mistakes Made By Startups
 * Choosing an entity for your business (Goodwin Procter LLP)
 * Contract drafting - online book
 * The Difference between Appendices, Annexures and Schedules
 * What is the correct usage of the terms "schedule", "annex", "appendix", "exhibit", and "addendum
 * How to Create a Founders Agreement for Your Startup
 * Stock Restriction Agreement: Everything You Need to Know
 * Founder Basics: Founder's Stock, Vesting and Founder Departures (Cooley LLP)
 * Establishing the ownership culture: Stock vs Options (Cooley LLP)
 * What is a Stock Restriction Agreement?
 * Startup Guidebook (New York State Science & Technology Law Center)
 * Key Considerations In Founders' Agreement
 * An Intro to Employee Stock Option Plans for Startup Founders
 * How to Choose an Employee Stock Plan for a Closely Held Company
 * Stock Option Plan Administration: A Guide
 * Equity 101 Part 1: Startup employee stock options
 * 7 Employee Handbook Examples You Should Steal From

Document templates and paperwork

 * Generate and download legal documents (Cooley LLP)
 * Founders Workbench
 * Business document templates from PandaDoc
 * Legal documents & Templates (PandaDoc)
 * Avodocs - Free legal documents for startups
 * Sample Business Contracts (Onecle)
 * Restricted Stock Agreement (Onecle)
 * Business document templates (Revv)
 * Founders Agreement (Revv)
 * Free document templates for Microsoft Word (Smimul)
 * Free Founders' Agreement Template for Microsoft Word (Simul)
 * Founders' Agreement Template
 * Founders Shareholder Agreement Template (Eloquens)
 * Founders' Agreement (Rocket Lawyer)
 * 22 Great Founders Agreement Tramples [For ANY Startup ]
 * Template co-founder agreement – short form
 * Stock Restriction Agreement (LeapLaw)