Entrepreneurship
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
This page contains resources about Entrepreneurship, Intrapreneurship and new ventures (startups) regarding innovative products and emerging technologies.
Subfields and Concepts
General
- Lean Methodology
- Learn startup (vs. Corporation)
- Agile Methodology
- Scrum
- Kanban
- Social Entrepreneurship
- (Startup) Incubator and Accelerator
- User vs. Customer vs. Consumer
- Network effect
- Vanity Metrics
Overall strategy
- Levels of Management:
- Strategic Management
- Corporate strategy (i.e. What?) - Senior Management
- Business strategy (i.e. How?) - Middle Management
- Operations management
- Strategic Management
- Company Strategy
- Mission and Vision Statements
- Values
- Niche
- Microniche
- Competitive advantage
- Lower cost
- Product differentiation
- Minimum Viable Product (MVP)
- Minimum Viable Feature (MVF)
- Minimum Viable Assets (MVAs)
- SWOT Analysis (i.e. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
- Types of Market Competitive Positioning
- Market Leader
- Market Challenger
- Market Follower
- Market Nicher
Business Models
- Distribution Channel & Distribution Strategy
- Customer Acquisition Models & Customer Acquisition Strategies
- User Acquisition Models
- Free (i.e. "you are the product")
- Free trial
- Freemium (i.e. Free and Premium)
- Monetization Strategy
- Revenue Streams
- Types of Revenue:
- Recurring
- Transactional
- Project
- Service
- Revenue Models
- Advertising
- Affiliate
- Arbitrage
- Commission
- Data Sales (i.e. "you are the product")
- Donation
- Fee-for-service
- Interest-based
- Licensing
- Markup
- Pay-Per-User (PPU)
- Rent/Lease
- Subscription
- Web/Direct Sales
- Pricing Models & Pricing Strategies (if software product is charged)
- (Perpetual) Licence - one-time fee
- (On-premise) Subscription-based - recurring billing
- Software as a Service (SaaS) - recurring billing
- Pricing Plans & Billing
- One-time fee / One-off fee
- Recurring billing / Subscription billing
- Fixed recurring billing / Regular recurring billing
- Variable recurring billing / Irregular recurring billing (for usage-based services)
- Volume pricing
- Tiered pricing
- Single-tier pricing
- Payment Models
- One-time payment
- Recurring payment
- Business Models
- Business-to-Business (B2B)
- Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
- Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) / Peer-to-peer (P2P)
- Advertising (i.e. free users, e.g. certain social media)
- B2B Subscription (i.e. B2B with paid users, e.g. B2B SaaS)
- B2C Subscription (i.e. B2C with paid users, e.g. B2C SaaS)
- Electronic Commerce / E-commerce (i.e. buyers only)
- (Online) Marketplace (i.e. buyers and sellers)
- Transactional (i.e. fee per transaction, e.g. fintech)
- Usage-Based (i.e. pay per use, e.g. cloud service providers)
- Hardware
- Biotech
- Business Model Canvas
- Lean Canvas
- Blitzscaling Business Model Innovation Canvas
- Exit Strategies
- Merger & Acquisition (M&A)
- Initial Public Offering (IPO)
- Management buyout
- Family succession
- Liquidation and close
Business Plan & Risks
- Elevator Pitch
- (Investor) Pitch Deck
- Executive Summary
- Marketing Strategy
- Sales Strategy
- Business Plan
- Operational Plan
- Financial Plan
- Types of risk in a startup or a new venture:
- Product risk
- Market risk (Market timing, Market adoption, Market size, Product-Market fit)
- Team and Execution risk (from founders' perspective)
- People risk
- Financial risk
- Capitalization structure risk
- Competitive risk
- Business model risk
- Technology risk (especially in CleanTech and Hardware)
- Platform risk
- Venture management risk
- Legal and regulatory risk
- Operational risk (e.g. operational scalability)
- Systemic risks
Business Metrics
- Financial Metrics
- Revenue (from Sales, Rent, Capital Gains and ALL other sources)
- Total Gross Revenue (i.e. from ALL revenue sources, before discounts, allowances, returns, etc)
- Total Net Revenue (i.e. from ALL revenue sources, after discounts, allowances, returns, etc)
- Cost of Goods Sold (CoGS) / Cost of Revenue
- Gross Income (or Gross Income) = Revenue - CoGS
- Gross Margin (or Gross Profit Margin) = Gross Income / Revenue
- Operating Expenses / OpEx (not to be confused with Operating Costs)
- Operating Costs = CoGS + Operating Expenses
- Operating Income (or Operating Profit) = Revenue - Operating Costs
- Operating Margin (or Operating Income Margin) = Operating Income / Revenue
- Depreciation and Amortization (included in OpEx)
- Net Interest Income (NII) = Interest Income - Interest Expense
- Non-Operating Income or Expense = Other Income or Expense + NII
- EBT (or Pretax Income) = Operating Income + Non-Operating Income
- Nontaxable Income
- Taxable Income = EBT - Nontaxable Income
- Taxes (or Income Taxes) = Taxable Income * Tax Rate
- Net Income (or Net Profit or Earnings) = EBT - Taxes
- Net Margin (or Net Income Margin) = Net Income / Revenue
- Total Expenses = Revenue - Net Income
- Earnings Before Interest, and Taxes (EBIT) = EBT + Interest Expense
- Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) = EBIT + Depreciation and Amortization
- EBITDA Margin = EBITDA / Revenue
- Adjusted EBITDA
- Adjusted EBITDA Margin
- Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) = EBIT * (1 - Tax Rate)
- Net Operating Profit Before Tax (NOPBT) = NOPAT + Taxes
- Operating Cash Inflow = Revenue
- Operating Cash Outflow = Operating Costs
- Cash Flow from Operations (CFO)
- Direct Method (non-GAAP) = Operating Cash Inflow – Operating Cash Outflow
- Indirect Method (GAAP) = Net Income + Depreciation and Amortization + Taxes + Change in NWC
- Cash Flow from Investing (CFI)
- Cash Flow from Finance (CFF)
- Net Cash Flow = CFO + CFI + CFF
- Change in Net Working Capital (Change in NWC)
- Capital Expenditure (CapEx)
- Free Cash Flow (FCF) = Net Income + Depreciation and Amortization – Change in NWC – CapEx = CFO - CapEx
- Monthly Burn Rate
- Gross Burn Rate
- Net Burn Rate
- Cash Runway
- Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
- Revenue (from Sales, Rent, Capital Gains and ALL other sources)
- Fundamental Metrics (mostly for mature companies of the same type)
- Market Capitalization / Market Cap
- Total Enterprise Value (TEV) / Enterprise Value (EV)
- Equity Value
- Earnings Per Share (EPS)
- Price-Earnings ratio (P/E or PER) = Share Price / EPS
- Trailing PER (i.e. last four quarters in the past)
- Forward PER / Leading PER (i.e. next four quarters in the future)
- EV/EBITDA
- Return on Equity (ROE)
- Price-Sales ratio (P/S or PSR) = Market Capitalization / Revenue
- Revenue per Employee
- Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
- Economic Value Added (EVA) = NOPAT - Invested Capital * WACC
- Unit Economics and Engagement Metrics (which vary per Business Model)
- Number of Visits
- Number of Unique Visitors
- Number of Customers
- Number of Transactions
- Number of Registered Users
- Active Users
- Daily Active Users (MAU)
- Weekly Active Users (WAU)
- Monthly Active Users (MAU)
- DAU-to-MAU ratio
- DAU-to-WAU ratio
- WAU-to-MAU ratio
- Monthly Run Rate / Monthly Recurring Revenue (MRR)
- Annual Run Rate / Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR)
- MRR per Customer
- ARR per Customer
- MRR per User
- ARR per User
- Net New MRR = New MRR + Expansion MRR - Churned MRR
- Net New ARR = New ARR + Expansion ARR - Churned ARR
- Gross New MRR = Net New MRR + Churned MRR = New MRR + Expansion MRR
- Revenue Growth Rate
- MoM
- QoQ
- YoY
- Compounded Monthly Growth Rate (CMGR)
- Revenue CMGR
- Customer Lifetime Value (CLV or CLTV) / Lifetime Customer Value (LCV) / Lifetime Value (LTV)
- Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)
- LTV-to-CAC ratio
- CAC Payback Period (CPP)
- Months to recover CAC
- CAC ratio
- Sales Efficiency
- Gross Sales Efficiency
- Net Sales Efficiency
- Magic Number
- Growth Efficiency Index (GEI)
- Gross Margin per Lifespan (GML)
- Average Customer Lifetime (ACL) / Average Customer Lifespan (ALT)
- Conversion rate
- Churn rate
- Customer churn rate
- Revenue churn rate
- Retention rate
- Activation rate
- Average Order Value (AOV)
- Gross Merchandise Value (GMV)
- Average monthly recurring Revenue per Account (ARPA)
- Cost per Visit (CPV)
- Cost per Lead (CPL)
- Annual Contract Value (ACV)
- Average Contract Length (ACL)
- Net Promoter Score (NPS)
- Customer Renewal Rate (CRR)
- Gross Dollar Renewal Rate (GDRR)
- Net Revenue Retention (NRR) / Net Dollar Renewal Rate (NDRR)
- Average Sales Cycle Length
- First Response Time
- Lead Velocity Rate
- Viral Coefficient
- Average Cost of Service (ACS)
- Cost of Retention and Expansion (CORE)
- Gross Margin contribution per customer Lifespan (GML)
- Contribution Margin
- Contribution Margin Ratio
- Recurring Profits Margin (RPM)
Funding
- Types of funding
- 3F (Friends, Family and Fools)
- Angel
- Syndicates
- Venture Capital (VC)
- Rolling fund
- Venture debt
- Equity crowdfunding
- Family offices
- Types of investors (USA)
- Accredited investor
- Non-accredited investor
- Types of investors (UK)
- Restricted investor
- Advised investor
- Sophisticated investor
- High Net Worth investor
Contracts and legal documents
- (Pre-Incorporation) Founders Agreement
- Stock Restriction Agreement / Restricted Stock Agreement
- Articles of Association
- Memorandum of Association / Memorandum
- Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)
- Stock Option Plan / Equity Incentive Plan
- Term Sheet
- Subscription Agreement / Share Purchase Agreements
- Revenue Sharing Agreement / Profit Sharing Agreement
Online courses
Video Lectures
- All You Need to Know About Venture Capital by Ernestine Fu
- The decision process of a venture capitalist by Henning Piezunka
- Why VCs and Angel Investors Say "No" to entrepreneurs by Alicia Syrett
- A Master Class In Venture Capital by Chris Olsen
- Decision Analysis in Venture Capital by Clint Korver
Lecture Notes
Books
- Mochary, M. (2019). The Great CEO Within: The Tactical Guide to Company Building. Mochary Films.
- Shelton, H. (2014). The Secrets to Writing a Successful Business Plan: A Pro Shares a Step-By-Step Guide to Creating a Plan That Gets Results. Summit Valley Press.
- Thiel, P. A., & Masters, B. (2014). Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future. Currency.
- Aulet, B. (2013). Disciplined Entrepreneurship: 24 Steps to a Successful Startup. John Wiley & Sons.
- Senor, D., & Singer, S. (2011). Start-up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle. Twelve.
- Ries, E. (2011). The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to Create Radically Successful Businesses. Currency.
- Hazelgren, B., & Covello, J. (2006). The Complete Book of Business Plans: Simple Steps to Writing Powerful Business Plans. Sourcebooks.
- Abrams, R. M. (2003). The Successful Business Plan: Secrets and Strategies. 4th Ed. The Planning Shop.
Software
- Atlassian: Jira, Confluence, ...
- Google Workspace (formerly G Suite)
- QuickBooks
- FreshBooks
- Xero
- Sage Intacct
- Akaunting - free and open-source
- Chargebee
- Invoicera
- TransferWise Business
- Revolut Business
- Zapier
- integromat
- automate.io
- workato
- IFTTT
- WordPress
- WooCommerce
- PandaDoc
- HelloSign
- Discord
- Slack
See also
Other Resources
General
- What is Agile?
- Glossary: Agile & Development
- FourWeekMBA
- Why Some Startups Succeed (and Why Most Fail)
- Why coding isn't enough (YouTube)
- Startup Plan
- 16 Ways to Measure Network Effects
- Important Milestones for Your First Year as an Entrepreneur
- WooCommerce Zapier
- From Zero to IPO: How Growth Needs to Evolve at Every Startup Stage
- The Best Business Bank Accounts to Open from Anywhere
- The Best Banks for Funded Startups - for USA-based startups
- Merchant Account vs. PSP vs. Payment Gateway: A Side by Side Comparison
- 20 Best Payment Gateway Providers of 2021
- Getting Started with Subscription Billing Software: A Definitive Guide
Overall strategy
- Business Strategy: Examples, Case Studies, And Tools
- The Complete, 12-Step Guide to Starting a Business
- Follow these 10 steps to turn your idea into a startup
- The Complete 35-Step Guide For Entrepreneurs Starting A Business
- 6 Steps to Create an Effective Business Strategy
- How to write a powerful mission statement that resonates
- How to Write a Mission Statement
- How to Write Your Mission Statement
- How To Write A Vision Statement (& Why That Isn’t Enough)
- 17 Truly Inspiring Company Vision and Mission Statement Examples
- 15 Seriously Inspiring Mission and Vision Statement Examples
- How to Write a Fluff-Free Mission Statement
- 30 Example Vision Statements
- A Guide to Writing the Perfect Vision Statement (with Examples)
- How to build a Minimum Viable Platform
- Competitors and their Marketing Strategies
Business Models
- What Is a Business Model? 30 Successful Types of Business Models You Need to Know
- Distribution Channels: Types, Functions, And Examples
- B2B Vs. B2C Business Models In Nutshell
- Differences Between B2C & B2B in Business Systems
- B2B VS B2C: Which Business Model Is Better?
- The SaaS Business Model: Stage, Pros and Cons, and Tools to Get Ahead
- The SaaS Business Model Explained
- What Is A Revenue Model? 10 Types Of Revenue Models
- 12 popular types of revenue models used today
- The 10 Most Popular Startup Revenue Models
- 16 Startup Revenue Models
- The Ultimate Guide to Pricing Strategies
- SaaS, Subscription, and On-Premises Software – Don’t Confuse Subscription with SaaS
- Can you monetize a social media startup?
- Business Model 101: The Basics of Marketplaces, SaaS & Ecommerce
- 10 marketplace monetisation strategies
- 7 Monetisation Strategies Associated with Online Marketplace Model
- 10 Marketplace Business Models To Generate Revenue
- 6 Best Monetization Practices to Build a Successful Online Marketplace
- A Guide To Marketplace Revenue Models
- A practical guide for building an online marketplace business
- Planning Your Exit Strategy for Your Small Business or Startup
- Exit Strategies for Your Business
- Five Smart Exit Strategies
- What Is Blitzscaling And Why It Matters
- Blitzscaling Business Model Innovation Canvas In A Nutshell
- Startup Valuation School
Business Plan & Risks
- How to Write a Business Plan for Your Startup
- Business Plan Template for a Startup Business
- Free Business Plan Template
- How to Write a Business Plan for Your Startup
- How to Write the Perfect Business Plan: A Comprehensive Guide
- Essential guide to writing a business plan
- How to Start a Business: A Startup Guide for Entrepreneurs
- How To Start A Digital Business In Four Steps In 2020
- How to (Realistically) Start an Online Business That (Actually) Grows in 2020
- Creating a Winning Startup Business Plan
- A Simple Guide To Writing A Business Plan
- Highlighting Risks in Your Business Plan Will Help You Get Funding
- Business Plan Risks
- Risk Management Process as a Part of Your Business Plan
- The 11 Risks VCs Evaluate
- When Launching Your Startup, Consider These 5 Risks
- 14 Startup Risks Entrepreneurs Should Consider When Launching their Startup
- 4 Strategic Startup Risk Components For Investors
- What are the types of startup risk and what are available resources and methods for understanding and addressing them?
- Three Mathematical Models for Building a More Valuable Company (based on risk)
- How To Create A Great Investor Pitch Deck For Startups Seeking Financing
- 9 steps to a better startup executive summary
- The 11 Slides You Need to Have in Your Pitch Deck
- Startup Pitch Decks
- A Template for Startup Executive Summary or Investment Memo for VCs
- Executive Summary example
- Executive Summary of the Business Plan
- The Nuts and Bolts of New Ventures/Business Plans
- Business Plan Template: A Step-by-Step Guide For Entrepreneurs
- How to Write a Business Plan For Investors (That They Will Love)
- Top 4 Business Plan Examples
- Operational plan: Definition, Components, Example, and Template for Business
- 10 Business Operations Initiatives
Business Metrics & Financial Plan
- The ultimate guide to financial modeling for startups - EY Netherlands
- Startup Guide 2018 - KPMG
- Financial statements for startups - Deloitte US
- Financial Projections Guide for a Startup Business Plan
- Financial Modeling and Financial Forecasting
- Business Metrics
- Financial Plan
- SaaS Financial Plan 2.0 (from Christoph Janz)
- SaaS Metrics Guide to SaaS Financial Performance
- Is Depreciation Expense an Operating Expense? (Explanation)
- Examples of Operational Costs
- Adjusted EBITDA
- Adjusted EBITDA
- How to Calculate Operating Cash Flow
- How to calculate operating cash flow
- 16 Startup Metrics
- What are unit economics in SaaS? Definition and explanation
- The 3 Metrics That Matter to Raise Your Series-A
- The A-Z guide to startup metrics: 16 KPIs to help your business succeed
- SaaS Metrics 2.0 – Detailed Definitions
- Key Metrics (Y Combinator)
- 34 Types of Startup Metrics to Measure (with Examples)
- MRR: How to Calculate Monthly Recurring Revenue
- Understanding MRR
- Startup Valuation Metrics (for internet companies)
- The Forgotten Sales Efficiency Metric
- Is Your Company Growing Efficiently? Sales Efficiency Benchmarks for SaaS Startups
- Balancing SaaS Growth and Profits to Maximize SaaS Company Valuation
Angel, VC and other funding
- Decision Analysis in Venture Capital Workshop, DAAG 2019
- 15 Key Questions Venture Capitalists Will Ask Before Investing In Your Startup
- Need Funding for Your Startup? Here’s What VCs Want to See
- What Venture Capitalists Look for in Start-ups
- What Venture Capitalists Look For When Investing In A Startup
- How venture capitalists make investment choices
- What are VCs looking for in a startup idea?
- 12 Things Venture Capitalists Look For in an Investment Opportunity
- How VC’s Look at Startups and Founders
- 101 Venture Capital Pro Tips
- OpenVC
- AngelListVenture - Rolling fund
- Seedrs - crowdfunding
- Crowdcube - crowdfunding
- Wefunder - crowdfunding
- SeedInvest - crowdfunding
- MicroVentures - crowdfunding
- SaaS Fundraising Handbook
Legal aspects
- 15 Big Legal Mistakes Made By Startups
- Choosing an entity for your business (Goodwin Procter LLP)
- Contract drafting - online book
- The Difference between Appendices, Annexures and Schedules
- What is the correct usage of the terms "schedule", "annex", "appendix", "exhibit", and "addendum
- How to Create a Founders Agreement for Your Startup
- Stock Restriction Agreement: Everything You Need to Know
- Founder Basics: Founder's Stock, Vesting and Founder Departures (Cooley LLP)
- Establishing the ownership culture: Stock vs Options (Cooley LLP)
- What is a Stock Restriction Agreement?
- Startup Guidebook (New York State Science & Technology Law Center)
- Key Considerations In Founders' Agreement
- An Intro to Employee Stock Option Plans for Startup Founders
- How to Choose an Employee Stock Plan for a Closely Held Company
- Stock Option Plan Administration: A Guide
- Equity 101 Part 1: Startup employee stock options
- 7 Employee Handbook Examples You Should Steal From
Document templates and paperwork
- Generate and download legal documents (Cooley LLP)
- Founders Workbench
- Business document templates from PandaDoc
- Legal documents & Templates (PandaDoc)
- Avodocs - Free legal documents for startups
- Sample Business Contracts (Onecle)
- Restricted Stock Agreement (Onecle)
- Business document templates (Revv)
- Founders Agreement (Revv)
- Free document templates for Microsoft Word (Smimul)
- Free Founders' Agreement Template for Microsoft Word (Simul)
- Founders' Agreement Template
- Founders Shareholder Agreement Template (Eloquens)
- Founders' Agreement (Rocket Lawyer)
- 22 Great Founders Agreement Tramples [For ANY Startup]
- Template co-founder agreement – short form
- Stock Restriction Agreement (LeapLaw)